Multiple Choice Questions on Bacterial genetics
a. It carries genetic information
b. It consists of double-helical nucleotides
c. Exists as double-stranded DNA in all bacteria and viruses
d. Composed of four nitrogen-containing bases
2) All of the following are the major types of RNA that are classified based on their structure and functions, Except
2) All of the following are the major types of RNA that are classified based on their structure and functions, Except
a. messenger RNA
b. transfer RNA
c. ribosomal RNA
d. complementary RNA
3) Identify the correct statements about the nitrogen bases present in DNA and RNA
a. Adenine is complementary to thymine only in DNA
b. Adenine is complementary to Uracil both in DNA and RNA
c. Cytosine is complementary to guanine only in DNA
d. Cytosine is complementary to guanine both in DNA and RNA
4)Which of the following organism consists of single-stranded DNA?
a. Fungi
b. Viruses
c. Protozoa
d. Eukaryotes
5) Which of the following statement about chromosomes is correct?
a. It consists of genetic information and is found in eukaryotes but not in bacteria
b. Present in DNA and RNA that carries the genetic information
c. The bacterial chromosome has DNA that exists in a linear form
d. It is a strand of nucleic acid and proteins of DNA that carry the genetic information
6) What is the term commonly used to describe circular DNA molecules present in the cytoplasm of bacteria?
a. Chromosomal DNA
b. Chloroplast DNA
c. Extra-Chromosomal DNA
d. Mitochondrial DNA
7) What is the primary enzyme responsible for DNA replication?
a) Helicase
b) DNA ligase
c) DNA polymerase
d) RNA polymerase
8) What is the function of a DNA primer in DNA replication?
a) Initiates transcription
b) Initiates DNA replication
c) Provides a template for RNA synthesis
d) Protects the DNA strands
9) The Delta variant is a mutation of which specific pathogen?
a) Coronavirus
b) Ebola virus
c) Hepatitis B virus
d) Poxvirus
10) What is the term for the process of copying DNA into RNA, which is a key step in gene expression?
a. Replication
b. Transcription
c. Translation
d. Transformation
11) In transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?
a) Initiates translation
b) Repairs damaged DNA
c) Synthesizes DNA from an RNA template
d) Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
12) What is the function of a promoter region in transcription?
a) Encodes amino acids
b) Initiates translation
c) Signals the start of transcription
d) Terminates transcription
13) What is the role of tRNA in translation?
a) Delivers amino acids to the ribosome
b) Initiates translation
c) Synthesizes mRNA
d) Transcribes DNA
14) Which codon serves as the start codon for translation?
a) AUG
b) UAA
c) UGA
d) UAC
15) R plasmids are the plasmids that
a) influence bacterial toxin production
b) confer antibiotic resistance
c) regulate the structural components of pathogenic bacteria
d) None of the above
16) The gene transfers in microorganisms occur via the transposons or 'jumping genes', these are also known as...........................
a) RNA molecule
b) Genome
c) Plasmids
d) DNA molecule
17)What is the transduction process?
a) The genome is transferred from one bacterium to another bacterium
b) The part of the DNA is transferred by bacteriophage from one bacterium to another
c) The plasmid is transferred from one bacterium to another
d) The part of the DNA molecule is transferred into the RNA molecule
18) The antibiotic resistivity of bacteria occurs mainly by mutation or genetic transfer, which of the following is the mechanism of action through which bacteria acquires resistance to the penicillins
a) Inhibition of Nucleic acid synthesis
b) Inhibition of metabolic pathways
c) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
d) Inhibition of protein synthesis
19) Epigenetic modifications can influence gene expression. Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic modification?
a) Altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein
b) Adding methyl groups to DNA
c) Changing the DNA sequence
d) Enhancing RNA polymerase activity
20) What cellular communication systems respond to external signals and modulate gene expression?
a) Enhancers
b) Promoters
c) Ribosomes
d) Signal transduction pathways
21) The lambda phage is foundational for understanding which aspects of molecular genetics?
a) Bacterial gene regulation and recombination
b) Bacterial metabolism
c) Human genetics
d) Plant genetics
22) Who is credited with the groundbreaking discovery of the lambda phage from cultures of Escherichia coli?
a) Esther Lederberg
b) Barbara McClintock
c) Barbara Meyer
d) Rosalind Franklin
23) What role does the lambda phage play in molecular genetics?
a) It is a vector for cloning genes in human cells.
b) It serves as a model organism for studying plant genetics.
c) It aids in understanding the regulation and recombination of bacterial genes.
d) It is involved in human gene therapy.
24) What term describes the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct cell-to-cell contact?
a. Conjugation
b. Mutagenesis
c. Transduction
d. Transformation
25) In microbial genetics, what is the function of an operon?
a. A specialized organelle in bacteria
b. A group of genes with related functions controlled by a single promoter
c. A regulatory protein that controls gene expression
d. A type of bacterial plasmid
Answers:
1- a), b), and d)
2- d) complementary RNA
3- a)Adenine is complementary to thymine only in DNA, (d) Cytosine is complementary to guanine both in DNA and RNA
4- b) Viruses
5- d)It is a strand of nucleic acid and proteins of DNA that carry the genetic information
6- c)Extra-Chromosomal DNA
7- c) DNA polymerase
8- b) Initiates DNA replication
9- a) Coronavirus
10-b) Transcription
11- d) Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template
12-c) Signals the start of transcription
13- a) Delivers amino acids to the ribosome
14- a) AUG
15 -b) confer antibiotic resistance
16- d) DNA molecule
17- b) The part of the DNA is transferred by bacteriophage from one bacterium to another
18-c) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
19- b) Adding methyl groups to DNA
20- d) Signal transduction pathways
21- a) Bacterial gene regulation and recombination
22- a) Esther Lederberg
23- c) It aids in understanding the regulation and recombination of bacterial genes.
24- a) Conjugation
25- b) A group of genes with related functions controlled by a single promoter
My microbiology is so difficult
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